Summary of article who are smarter boys or girls - dział leni

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Studying the Baby. Scientific studies have focused on observing
and testing young babies to trace the development of different
abilities.

A scientific team headed by Jerome Kagan, Harvard psychologist,is studying the thinking ability of 11'12-month-old children.The test is a simple one. The baby, while seated on its mother'slap, watches a "show" on a puppet theater stage.
In Act I of the show an orange cube is lifted from a bIue box
and moved across the stage in a zigzag path. Then it is returned to the box. This is repeated six times. Act II is similar, exceptthat the orange block is smaller. Baby boys do not react at all tothe difference in the size of the cube, but girls immediately beginto babble and become excited.
The scientists interpret the girls' babbling and excitement as
meaning they are trying to understand what they have just
seen. They are wondering why Act I1 is odd and how it differs
from Act I. In other words, the little girls are reasoning.
This experiment certainly does not definitely prove that girb
start to reason before boys. But it provides a clue that scientists would like to study more carefully. Already it is known that bones, muscles, and nerves develop faster in baby girls. Perhaps it is early newe development that makes some infant girls showmore intelligence than infant boys.
Scientists have also found that nature seems to give anotherboost to girls. It is usual to find baby girls talking at an earlier age than boys do. Scientists think that there is a physical reasonfor this. They believe that the nerve endings in the Ieft side ofthe brain develop faster in girls than they do in boys. And it is thls side of the brain that strongIy influences an individual'sability to use words, spell, and remember things.
By the time they start school, therefore, little girls have a
head start on boys, Memorizing, spelling, and reading are just
what thefre good at.
Boys Learn Aggression. But what has been happening to
baby boys all this time? They have been developing that secret
weapon called aggression. This secret weapon makes them
strivers, go-getters, independent.
What produces this aggression in little boys? Male hormones
play a part. But the mother seems to make the biggest contribution.
A team of psychologists discovered this by placing mothers and their one-year-old babies in a special. obsemation room filled with toys. Then they took notes on everything the mothers or babies did. This is a sample of those notes, taken during the observation of a boy and his mother.
"Baby leans against mother. hoks up at her. She speaks to
him. She turns him around. He walks away, picks up toy cat.
Goes to mother, drops cat, and leans against her. Looks up at
her. She turns him around."
From these notes and from interviews with the mother, the
scientists concluded that whfIe the mother keeps her daughter
close she unconsciously trains her son to investigate-to become a problem solver.
A Second Lesson. As the boy grows, he gets another boost
in his aggression lessons-the '%be-a-man" problem. As a baby
and a young child, he spends most of his waking hours with his
mother. His first strong attachment is to his mother. He models
himself after her.But soon he begins to get some confusing commands from his mother. "Don't be a sissy!" "Boys don't cry." "Boys don't walklike that." And so there is a new problem. He is somehow diEerentfrom his model. But what is the difference? All he hears are"don'ts." Be struggles to find out what the "do's* are.
When the little girl and boy meet in the first grade, it is the
old story of the tortoise and the hare all over again. While the
girl collects A's in spelling, the boy is w o r h g at problems-
"how to get a C in spelling," "how to be a man." Like the tortoise, the boy plods ahead, gaining more and more experience in problem solving. Like the swift-footed hare, the girl glides through the first few grades, losing the chance to learn problem solving at an early age.
Aggression Runs Our World. In the world we Iive in, the
aggressive person is usually the one who gets the big salary, the good job, the prizes. And since men are trained at an early age tobe aggressive, they are the ones most often picked for the key positions.
But many believe this situation is wrong. They think women
have an equal contribution to make in science and industry.
Teachers and scientists suggest that girls be given aggression
lessons in school. This does not mean that every little girl shouldlearn to box. Games that teach competition and problem solving are one suggestion.
Another scientist believes that boys may get too much training
in aggression. A little more affection from their mothers
might make them gentler. And the world needs gentleness, just
as it needs aggression.